Natural gums are polysaccharides of plant origin that can significantly increase the viscosity of a solution even in very small amounts. Typically, gums are found in the woody elements of plants or in the seed coatings. Gums are used in the food and pharmaceutical industries as thickening agents, gelling agents, emulsifiers, stabilizers, and in other industries as industrial adhesives, binders, crystallization inhibitors, clarifiers, encapsulants, coagulants, foaming agents, and foam stabilizers, among others. Many of these gums, consumed by humans, are fermented by microorganisms living in the lower gastrointestinal tract (microbiome) and have positive effects on gut microbiota.